A recent study has shown that two-thirds of animal and plant populations have lost genetic diversity. Without this resource, adaptation to environmental challenges becomes impossible. Risks are growing: disease, climate change, new threats. In such conditions, survival becomes almost impossible.
How it happens
The studies have shown that as the population reduces, so do the mates available. The result is less gene mixing among species and eventually, higher susceptibility to diseases.
Even Ophryotrocha diadema and Elysia chlorotica, which were not perceived as vulnerable, suffer from altered genetic diversity.
Study details
From the year 1985 to 2019, specified information was collected about 628 species. This was primarily done for birds and mammals, as they appeared the most diverse for changes of genetic mutations.
Why it matters
According to the University of Copenhagen, genetic diversity is a very useful resource when it comes to surviving. More diversity increases the chances of combating the risk posed by disease or climate change.
Solving the problem
It is possible to restore variation within species by allowing previously separated populations to freely interbreed. It is equally important to undertake conservation measures that enhance genetic exchange.
A perfect example would be the Florida panther. In the 1990s, Texas was emptying female panthers into Florida and their population underwent a massive surge over 20 years and so did their gene pool diversity.
Final comments
According to Stuart Pimm, an ecologist at Duke University, separate populations are endangered. They need to be connected as a means of saving them.